差不多一个月前,我在 Dailyio 会员通讯里发表了一篇《Google 的「成人礼」》。
就在这月 4 号,Google 正式迎来自己 20 岁的生日。20 年前的 9 月 4 日,在车库创业文化风兴未艾的硅谷,两个年轻人将第一个办公室放在加利福尼亚门洛帕克市的 Santa Margarita Ave 232 号,那是 Susan Wojcicki 的车库,也是 Google 传奇故事开始的地方。
但对 Google 而言,过去两个月所发生的一系列事情,使得它的成人礼远未结束,某种意义上说,用「小孩子才分对错,大人只看利弊」来形容 Google 的决策实在是再合适不过了。
一
最早报道 Google 搜索入华的 The Intercept 继续爆料,他们了解到 Google 为中国市场设计的搜索引擎的原型,其中有几个要点:
- 该搜索产品内置了审查黑名单,包括「人权」、「学生抗议」、「诺贝尔奖」等搜索结果无法显示;
- 该搜索产品主要运行在 Android 手机上,会将 APP 与该手机的手机号绑定,目前尚不确定 Google 是否会将这种关联信息提供给当局;
- Google 将在大陆成立一个合资公司来运营该搜索产品;
- Google 同意使用当局提供的天气和空气污染信息,当中国用户搜索相关信息时,Google 的搜索结果显示为官方数据;

上述四点意味着,Google 为了进入中国市场,已经完全放弃了自己的价值观,即便所谓「不作恶」是一种被外界过度解读的口号,那么如果将上述四点放在展现 Google 价值观宣言的「Google Code of Conduct」语境里,你也会发现,「长大成人的 Google」如今已是言不由衷,比如这一段:
Google is committed to advancing privacy and freedom of expression for our users around the world. Where user privacy and freedom of expression face government challenges, we seek to implement internationally recognized standards that respect those rights as we develop products, do business in diverse markets, and respond to government requests to access user information or remove user content……
再比如其结尾的总结里:
……It’s impossible to spell out every possible ethical scenario we might face. Instead, we rely on one another’s good judgment to uphold a high standard of integrity for ourselves and our company. We expect all Googlers to be guided by both the letter and the spirit of this Code.
而最后一段话出现了「不作恶」的表述:
And remember… don’t be evil, and if you see something that you think isn’t right – speak up!
但显然,这是一句没有任何特指意义的叙述,Pingwest 此前这样评论这句话:
今天可以是“don’t be evil”,明天就可以写成“做个正直的人”。
二
自一个半月前 Google 入华计划曝光后,一大批 Google 员工成为抵制 Google 的主力军。他们先是联名签署公开信,要求 Google 高层解释该项目的动机并同步相关信息。《纽约时报》了解到,至少有 1400 名员工签署了这封公开信,信中这样写道:
We urgently need more transparency, a seat at the table, and a commitment to clear and open processes: Google employees need to know what we’re building……
员工的抗议最终迫使 Google CEO 皮查伊做出解释,在内部的沟通会上,皮查伊表示,目前谈论 Google 中国版搜索还为时尚早,CNN 援引皮查伊的话:
We are not close to launching a search product in China…… And whether we would do so, or could do so is all very unclear……But the team has been in an exploration stage for quite a while now and I think they are exploring many options.
这样的解释一方面承认了 Google 的确在研发针对中国特定市场的搜索产品。另一方面,皮查伊显然没有给出更具体、更透明的信息。由此也引发了 Google 员工新的行动:离职。
BuzzFeed 上周了解到,一份至少有 7 名离职员工的名单正在 Google 内部传播,这些员工无一例外都是在抗议 Google 的中国版计划。虽然目前尚未有更具体的名单,但 BuzzFeed 还是发现了其中一位重量级人物,高级科学家 Jack Poulson:
……who worked for the company in Toronto before resigning over Dragonfly last month. Like the majority of Google employees, Poulson first learned about Dragonfly from the Intercept’s story about the project, which said Google had already demonstrated Dragonfly for the Chinese government and that it could launch within six to nine months. Poulson said he was “shocked” by the news.
事实上,自今年 Google 与军方合作的项目被曝光后,Google 在工程师心目中的形象已经一落千丈,IEEE Spectrum 援引一位收到 Google 招聘要求的工程师回应:
“I won’t be considering a job at Google now or in the future unless it seriously rethinks the way it does business by putting human rights before profit,” Luo told the recruiter in a response email that she shared on Twitter. She described the China search engine plans as a “huge dealbreaker for me,” and expressed other concerns about Google’s Pentagon contract and the company’s work environment for “women, underrepresented minorities, trans people, etc.”
Google 员工的离职潮或许还将持续一段时间。上周,Google Cloud 人工智能负责人李飞飞正式离职,重新回到斯坦福大学,接任她的是 CMU(卡内基梅隆大学)计算机学院院长 Andrew Moore,这原本是一个正常的人事变动,但科技媒体 Insider 却发现,Andrew Moore 的背景实在是太复杂了。
其中,最重要的一点就是 Andrew Moore 还有一个特殊身份,他是 Center for a New American Security(以下简称 CNAS)的联席主席,另一位主席则是前美国国防部副部长 Robert Work。这个机构也被认为是军方与私营企业技术沟通、合作的重要桥梁,五角大楼与 Google Cloud 合作的「Maven」项目就是其推动的,《纽约时报》曾报道过该机构:
……an influential Washington think tank that specializes in national security, to create a task force of former government officials, academics and representatives from private industry. Their goal is to explore how the federal government should embrace A.I. technology and work better with big tech companies and other organizations.
这意味着,Andrew Moore 作为参与过(或至少真正了解过)Maven 项目的科学家,未来将领导 Google Cloud 的人工智能工作,Insider 援引一位前 Google 员工的话:
Googlers want less alignment with the military-industrial complex, not more. This hire is like a punch in the face to the over 4,000 Googlers who signed the Cancel Maven letter.
另外,Andrew Moore 关于人工智能的诸多言论也引发不少解读,但这种被过度放大的言论并不代表价值观,真正令人担忧的是,不管是 Maven 还是代号「蜻蜓」的中国版搜索项目,这些项目甚至无法向 Google 内部工程师保持透明度,这也让 Google 变成了它一开始最讨厌的样子。
三
8 年前 Google 离开中国大陆市场时,Google 联合创始人 Sergey Brin 这样告诉《纽约时报》:
……Our hope is there is progress and a more open Internet in China…… I think that in the long term, they are going to have to open…..
但现实是,古老帝国在过去年 8 年变本加厉地推动互联网管制,从这角度上来看,互联网远没有让中国更开放,而是中国让互联网变得更封闭,中国重新定义了互联网的运行规则。
两年前,随着美国大选的「意外」,Brin 在 Google 内部一个沟通会上不安的说道:
Myself, as an immigrant, as a refugee, I certainly find this election deeply offensive, and I know many of you do, too…… I think it’s a very stressful time, and it conflicts with many of our values……
这段内部讲话的视频被美国右翼新闻网站 Breitbart News 视为 Google 压制其言论的证据。
如今,当 Google 又一次面临利益与价值观选择的时候,两位创始人 Larry Page 和 Sergey Brin 都没有任何表态,甚至在本月初的美国参议院听证会上,Google 也设法避免了皮查伊前往参会,从而也「机智」地避免了被继续追问的尴尬。

但正如美国资深科技观察家 Kara Swisher 在《纽约时报》的专栏文章所言,「中国才是 Google 真正的丑闻」。这位一贯立场鲜明的专栏作家也希望听到来自 Google 高层的回应:
And I would especially like to hear from Mr. Brin, who is no longer engaged at Google on a daily basis. But his relative silence on the topic — especially when he often has something to say — is interesting.
一个潜在的威胁是,当互联网的原生产品——从搜索引擎到社交媒体——证明并无法改善国家民主并提升公众智力的时候,尤其是在美国互联网巨头「横行世界」的大背景下,古老帝国对于互联网的管理方法有可能被越来越多国家所效仿,来自智库 New America 的 Rebecca MacKinnon 说了这么一番话,不仅是对 Google,也将是对未来一段时间里科技巨头们警告:
This argument makes me very sad: The world is becoming more like China, so therefore we might as well be in China……I wrote a book where I warned that China is Exhibit A for how authoritarian governments adapt to the internet and then begin to change the internet……And if companies like Google are now throwing in the towel and saying, ‘Well, that’s where the internet is going’ and ‘If you can’t beat ’em, join ’em’ — well, that’s deeply troubling.”
厉害了,你的国!